Includes Facebook, Threads, Instagram, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Tiktok, X [Twitter], etc. See below for Youtube, which is slightly different in APA.
General Rules: Citing Social Media Posts & Videos
In-text Citation: Information to Include
In-text citations and signal phrases can be woven into sentences and paragraphs in multiple ways, and what you emphasize depends on what information will be most relevant and/or persuasive to your reader. However, the following information should always be included:
Reference Citation: Information to Include
Name of Page Owner. [@usenameorhandle]. (Year, Month Day). Title, text, or caption of post in sentence case and italics. [List type of post]. Platform. URL_but_not_active_hyperlink
Specific Example: Company/Organization Post from Instagram
In-text Citation
In a recent Instagram post, Deloitte (2023) publicized their efforts to promote sustainability and equity.
In a recent Instagram post, the accounting firm publicized their efforts to promote sustainability and equity (Deloitte, 2023).
References Page Entry
Include content of the post up to the first 20 words for the post “title” if the post isn't titled.
Deloitte. [@deloitte] (2023, September 12). Deloitte is committed to changing the world. [Instagram post]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/deloitte/
Specific Example: Company/Organization Post from LinkedIn
In-text Citation
Chipotle (2023) uses LinkedIn to counter negative press. For example, one recent post celebrated their "Food Safety team" for winning an award for "Excellence in Food Safety."
The fast casual chain uses LinkedIn to counter negative press. For example, one recent post celebrated their "Food Safety team" for winning an award for "Excellence in Food Safety" (Chipotle, 2023).
References Page Entry
Chipotle Mexican Grill. [@chipotle]. (2023). Congratulations to our Food Safety team for winning Fast Casual's Excellence in Food Safety Award! [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chipotle-mexican-grill_fastcasual-excellenceinfoodsafety-activity-7066444846810480640-PWR3?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Specific Example: Individual Account Post from LinkedIn
In-text Citation
Adam Grant (2023), a professor at the Wharton School of Business and an author and consultant, pushed back against requiring employees to work in person, noting that "Showing up is not a sign of commitment or contribution. It's an act of compliance."
A recent LinkedIn post pushed back against requiring employees to work in person, noting that "Showing up is not a sign of commitment or contribution. It's an act of compliance" (Grant, 2023).
References Page Entry
Grant, A. [@AdamMGrant]. (2023). To all the companies calling people back to the office full-time: Don't mistake presence for performance. [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/adammgrant_activity-7077645621804818432-_zJ7?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
General Rules: Citing YouTube Videos
In-text Citation: Information to Include
See In-text Citation: Principles and Formatting for additional information
Reference Citation: Information to Include
Name of Channel Owner. (Year, Month Day). Title, text, or caption of post in sentence case and italics. [Video]. YouTube. URL_but_not_active_hyperlink
Specific Example: YouTube Video Posted by a Company or Organization
In-text Citation
The Wall Street Journal's YouTube Channel (2023), reporting on research from Goldman Sachs, stated that AI could perform "25% of work tasks" done by "white collar workers."
AI has the potential to perform "25% of work tasks" done by "white collar workers" (Wall Street Journal, 2023).
References Page Entry
Wall Street Journal. (2023, July 3). How AI is already reshaping white-collar work. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVpTpx9Avf0
Note that the Wall Street Journal, in this instance, is the entity that owns the channel, and so is not italicized as the name of a publication.
Specific Example: YouTube Video Posted by an Individual
In-text Citation
Chester Tugwell's (2022) video shows three methods for adding hanging indents to a Microsoft Word document.
The video provides three methods for adding hanging indents to a Microsoft Word document (Tugwell, 2022).
References Page Entry
Tugwell, C. (2022, April 22). Hanging indents in Microsoft Word for APA style referencing & citations: Three quick methods. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEzOWKtz7Jk
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