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General Business 360 Research Guide

Date Retrieved for Website Reference Entries & When to Use “n.d.” (no date)

If there is no date, use (n.d.) and include “Retrieved [Month day, year], from…” in the References page entry. 

 

Situations Where n.d. is Appropriate

 Webpages that Could be Revised, Updated, or Renamed without Notice 

Common examples are company websites, professional organization websites, some news websites, etc.

Example

World Wildlife Fund. (n.d). Oceans. Retrieved February 2, 2021, from http://www.worldwildlife.org/initiatives/oceans

 

Blogs, Articles, or other Sources with Titles, but No Publication or “Updated on…” Date

This often indicates that the material is content marketing or an assembling of older materials to generate “new” content, so use with caution as a source.

Examples

Three principles of effective communication. (n.d.). Actuarial Journey. Retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.actuarialjourney.com/3-principles-of-effective-communication/

Saint Louis, C. (n.d). How to stand up for yourself. The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/guides/year-of-living-better/how-to-stand-up-for-yourself 

 

Sources Specifically Labeled “No Date”

Example (generic)

Author. (n.d.).Title of article. Title of Publication. Retrieved [Month day, year], from www.website.com/entire-url